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An Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) generator is a testing device designed to simulate electrostatic discharge events. They play a crucial role in electronic device testing, aiding engineers in evaluating and improving equipment’s sensitivity and tolerance to electrostatic discharge. Introduction ESD generators are designed according to international standards like IEC 61000-4-2 to simulate electrostatic discharge events, ensuring testing consistency and repeatability. Typically, they consist of a high-voltage power supply, control circuitry, discharge circuit, and trigger mechanism. Operation Modes ESD generators offer various operation modes to meet different testing requirements and user preferences: • Manual Mode: In manual mode, operators directly control the discharge of the ESD generator through physical buttons or switches. This mode is suitable for simple testing scenarios, providing intuitive and flexible operation. • Automatic Mode: In automatic mode, the ESD generator automati
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An electrostatic discharge generator is a device used to simulate and test the tolerance of electronic devices and systems to electrostatic discharge (ESD) environments. By simulating the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of electrostatic discharges, it can replicate ESD events in real-world environments to validate the durability and performance of equipment. Components of an Electrostatic Discharge Generator: Power Supply: Provides the electrical energy required for the entire system, serving as the core component of the electrostatic discharge generator. High Voltage Generation Circuit: • Generates predetermined electrostatic discharge waveforms through amplification and waveform shaping. • Utilizes transformers and rectifier circuits to convert the power supply voltage into high-voltage electricity. Storage Capacitors: • Store high-voltage electrical energy. • Capacitors discharge stored energy during discharge events, simulating electrostatic discharge events. Contact Devices: • 
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Dielectric strength testing assesses the ability of electrical devices, insulation materials, and insulation structures to withstand high voltages. Its primary objective is to check whether insulation can withstand operating voltages or overvoltages without compromising its performance, ensuring that the insulation performance of equipment meets safety standards. Basic Principles of Dielectric Strength Testing: The basic principle of dielectric strength testing is to apply a voltage higher than the normal operating voltage to the insulation of the device under test and maintain it for a specified time. If the insulation performs well during this period, the applied voltage will only produce minimal leakage current. Specific Steps Include: • Applying High Voltage: Apply a voltage higher than the normal operating voltage to the insulation of the device under test. Typically, the test voltage is twice the operating voltage of the device plus 1000V. For example, for a device with an operat
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Introduction: An integrating sphere, also known as a photometric sphere or luminous sphere, is a hollow spherical device used for optical measurements. Its design incorporates one or more ports on the sphere’s surface for light input and placement of light-receiving devices. Structure and Characteristics of Integrating Spheres: Sphere Shell and Deviation Requirements: • An integrating sphere consists of a complete spherical shell, with its inner surface maintaining a good spherical shape. • Deviation requirements for the ideal spherical surface generally do not exceed 0.2% of the inner diameter. Inner Surface Coating Material: • The inner surface of the integrating sphere is coated with an ideal diffuse reflecting material to ensure multiple reflections of light on the inner surface, resulting in uniform illumination. • Common diffuse reflecting materials include magnesium oxide (MgO) and barium sulfate (BaSO₄), which are sprayed onto the inner surface after being mixed with a resin bi
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The electrostatic discharge generator is a specialized device utilized to simulate and assess the resilience of electronic devices under electrostatic discharge (ESD) and similar electrostatically related environments. It validates the performance and durability of devices by mimicking the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of electrostatic discharges. The generator primarily consists of a power supply, high-voltage generation circuit, storage capacitors, contact apparatus, and control display system. Principle: • Power Supply: Provides the required electrical energy. • High-Voltage Generation Circuit: Generates predetermined electrostatic discharge waveforms through amplification and waveform shaping. • Storage Capacitors: Store electrical energy to ensure sufficient charge provision during discharge. • Contact Apparatus: Connects with the tested device or system and releases stored electrical energy to simulate electrostatic discharge events. • Control Display System: Controls the op
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Distributed photometers are essential measurement devices used to test the photometric performance of lighting fixtures. They are categorized into vertical and horizontal types and are capable of measuring parameters such as spatial light intensity distribution, total luminous flux, and luminaire efficiency. The system comprises precision turntables and control systems, spectral analysis systems, standard lamps, alignment systems, and computer processing systems. To ensure accurate measurements, distributed photometers require coordination with large darkrooms with low reflectance materials to prevent reflected light from entering the probe. Given the measurement system’s sensitivity to environmental temperature, maintaining the light source’s temperature stability is crucial. Distributed photometers read measurements angle by angle, which may be time-consuming. However, if only luminaire luminous flux parameters are needed, there are no strict requirements for measurement distance. Th
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The RoHS tester is an instrument used to detect the presence of hazardous substances restricted by the EU RoHS standard, primarily detecting six harmful substances including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBB). The RoHS tester typically refers to an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, with an analysis principle similar to that of X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are mainly divided into wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive types. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers consist of excitation sources, spectrometer crystals and goniometers, detectors, and other components, while energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are relatively simple, requiring only excitation sources, detectors, and related electronic and control components. Specific excitation sources are required to obtain characteristic spectral lines of the eleme